SPATIAL PATTERN OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
The distribution of industries in India is highly uneven. This is so partly on account of uneven distribution of the necessary raw materials and power resources and partly due to the concentration of enterprises, financial resources and other necessary conditions in large towns.
Jharkhand, Orissa, adjoining Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, parts of Rajasthan, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu account for most of the reserves of metallic minerals. This area, therefore, particularly the north-eastern part of the peninsula, has a very high concentration of heavy metallurgical industries with almost all the steel centres situated here. Availability of large quantities of coal and refractory materials, along with cheap power from the Damodar Valley Corporation, Hirakud and a number of thermal power projects, has added to the advantages. Rajasthan has copper, lead and zinc; Karnataka has steel, manganese and aluminium; and Tamil Nadu has aluminium metal industries.
Agro-based industries including cotton, jute and sugar are heavily concentrated in the raw material-producing areas. The forest-based industries including paper, plywood, matches, resins and lac are increasingly finding concentration in the forest areas of various states. The coastal belt of Kerala has a heavy concentration of coir, copra and fish canning industries.
A substantial part of India's petroleum requirements are met through imports and, therefore, as many as seven of the 13 refineries are located near major ports. Of the rest, Koyali, Digboi, Noonmati and Bongaigaoll refineries are situated close to the petroleum producing areas, and Mathura and Barauni refineries in the interior, away from the coast and oil-producing areas.
The distribution of cement industry is also highly conditioned by the availability of cement grade limestone in the country.
The coastal regions of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu which produce the bulk of salt in the country have also developed large scale production of inorganic chemicals.
Mechanical engineering, electricals, automobile, fertiliser, and numerous consumer industries, which show little bias for raw material, have come up all over the country with heavier concentration near the big cities.
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